Aggression Stereotypes Gender Examples
Introduction
It was found that the gender of the aggressor is not the only variable that influences the perceived levels, causes and acceptability of aggression. Gender of the target of aggression was found to also be an important variable. People tend to perceive greater aggression in acts against women than against men. For example, in one study, participants viewed shoving a neighbor as more aggressive when the neighbor was a woman (Cretser 1996). In another study, the same physical punishment given by a parent was rated as more severe and abusive when directed toward a daughter than toward a son (Meyer 1999).
The gender of the recipient of aggression was found to influence the causal attribution for an aggressive act. In another study, participants read a vignette the described an incident of domestic violence (Conway 2000). The vignettes read by the different groups in the experiment varied only in whether the husband aggressed against the wife or the wife against the husband. When the target was the husband, the participants rated the target as more blame for the incident than when the target was the wife. Domestic violence, like sexual violence, is an area in which men are generally the perpetrator of the aggression.
Discussion
Aggression directed toward a woman is generally judged more negatively than the same aggression directed toward a man. Men aggression is considered less acceptable than women aggression, and aggression against women is considered less acceptable than aggression against men. One reason to adjust why this may be is the strong norm, which proscribes aggression against female, particularly by males. A second reason is that men are generally stronger than women. Like, for example, when we discussed in class how the penis is equalized to a gun.
Among the most common stereotypes are those based on gender. Stereotypes of women have cast them as submissive, dependent, and easily hurt, whereas stereotypes of men have been more favorable and include characteristics such as independence and adventurousness. However, stereotypes of men have also included some less desirable traits like being aggressive and violent. For example, in black males, characteristics haven’t always been favorable. In the slavery period, black men were viewed as only one step above an animal. They lacked in intellectual ability and represented a potential and political threat. In addition, they symbolize a lusty, sexual poetic, which threaten white women.
In addition to the level of aggression, another important aspect of people’s mental representation of an aggressive act is the causal attribution made for the act; whether it is attributed to a personal disposition or to situational forces. If it exists that a wide spread of people views stereotypes of men as aggressive, people will view an act of men’s aggression as consistent with the conception of the masculine personality. As a result, observers would be more likely to make an internal attribution for the man’s behavior. By contrast, people might judge an act of aggression perpetrated by a woman as out of character, that is, less a product of a personal disposition
Although the gender of the aggressor didn’t influence the perceived levels of aggression or the causal attribution made for the aggressive act, the aggressor’s gender did influence the evaluation of the aggression. The aggressive act is less acceptable when an aggressor is a man than when the aggressor is a woman. What accounts for the lesser acceptability of men aggression? One example is the widespread belief that aggression by women is less harmful than aggression against men.
Conclusion
Men are physically stronger and potentially capable of doing more damage than women. Consequently, an act of men’s aggression may be more threatening than an identical act by a woman. Just as waving a gun at someone would be more threatening than waving a fist, even if the waving motions were identical. Another explanation is the motivation inferred to underlie aggression. People tend to view women aggression as more expressing whereas men aggression is more likely to be viewed as instrumental. The aggressive act may be seen like an honest expression of the aggressor’s emotional state as more acceptable as than the same act viewed as a mean of obtaining goals.
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